Compare and Contrast of Two Literary Works - 2676 Words

This paper compares and contrasts two different literary works, â€Å"Country Lovers† written by Nadine Gordimer and â€Å"The Welcome Table† by Alice Walker. Both stories follow the same theme, or hidden message or underlying idea in a story. They are about ethnicity and racism which ultimately results in the death of a person: the infant daughter in â€Å"Country Lovers† and the old lady in â€Å"The Welcome Table.† Racism has transcended generations, separated families and nations, and left heartache and grief in its wake. Synopsis of Both Stories The first story, â€Å"Country Lovers† is about Paulus, the spoiled, rich son of a white farmer and Thebedi, the daughter of a poor black worker. The story tells how Paulus and Thebedi grew up together on a†¦show more content†¦The preacher who she apparently has had a â€Å"familial† relationship with throughout many years lovingly refers to her as â€Å"Auntie† and tells her that she does not belong here and this is not her church. The usher, too, similarly called her â€Å"Grandma†. In â€Å"Country Lovers† the poor black laborers worked for the rich white people in harsh conditions. Conditional and Unconditional Love As mentioned, both stories tell of tough racial and discrimination issues that plagued the times they were written, although any separation of color was illegal. During those days, love was very much conditional, not unconditional (Bauer, 1992). Both stories are filled with the symbolism of love and hatred, life and death, good and evil. Despite the obvious love and affection in both stories for Thebedi and the old lady, the white men are still racist. For Paulus and Thebedi, there is obviously a childhood attraction between the two although they kept it secret because interracial relationships in this era were illegal. Even though they know it is wrong to love each other, they still do. Their childhood love and attraction they felt for each other resulted in them growing up to be more than friends. The crime is represented in the birth of their daughter; therefore, Paulus must make her go away. Being the racist that Paulus’s father has raised him to be and his need to cover up their crime, Paulus makes the decision to murder his own child.Show MoreRelatedWriting and Compare-and-contrast Essays1384 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Compare and Contrast This type of writing assignment is common. On a standardized test, you may be asked to analyze literature, evaluate ideas, or make a judgment and explain your reasons. In responding to these types of prompts, you often will compare and contrast characters, concepts, or choices. You will be asked to identify similarities and differences, which are the key to compare-and-contrast essays. There are ways to organize your thoughts about compare-and-contrast topics, which willRead MoreEssay about Country Lovers versus The Necklace886 Words   |  4 PagesIt is amazing how two short stories can be so similar but yet so different even when it comes to marriage and gender roles. These particular literary works involve creative writing between the two stories that are being referred to would be The Necklace and Country Lovers. Both these stories are set in different places and keep the readers wondering throughout the story what the ending result is. And to even consider writing a literature that centers on this topic is truly fascinating and attention-grabbingRead MoreEssay on Shakespeare: A Literary Grandmaster699 Words   |  3 Pagesand especially the king of England. Although an entertaining storyline does earn one respect as a writer/poet. It was Shakespeare’s masterful use of literary devices that garners the respect and acknowledgement of many modern day pro fessors. In Act 3, Scene 1, Hamlet begins a soliloquy in which Shakespeare showcases his literary genius. A literary device that is often overlooked in the Early Modern period of Europe is the utilization of soliloquys to give insight to a character’s inner thoughtsRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of Alexander Pope s An Essay1310 Words   |  6 Pagesunconventionality or novelty of theme, etc.[1] Essays are commonly used as literary criticism, political manifestos, learned arguments, observations of daily life, recollections, and reflections of the author. Almost all modern essays are written in prose, but works in verse have been dubbed essays (e.g., Alexander Pope s An Essay on Criticism and An Essay on Man). While brevity usually defines an essay, voluminous works like John Locke s An Essay Concerning Human Understanding and Thomas MalthusRead MoreEssay on Achilles Shield761 Words   |  4 Pagesfundamentalism, literalism, interpretationalism, and its downright detractors. Attention given to an object for such a prolonged time is bound to foster battleground for linguists, philosophers, and literary scholars. Additionally, we see it with the Shield of Achilles in Homers The Iliad. The Shield is a literary figure of beauty which the world has enjoyed, despised, and revered for several millennia. Its lengthy and detailed description forces any reader to, if not look pas t it for higher meaning,Read MoreThe Field Of Biblical Literary Criticism1168 Words   |  5 PagesResearch in the field of biblical literary criticism have rapidly increased in recent decades. The publication of Robert Alter s 1981 The Art of Biblical Narrative stamps the symbolic arrival of a style of analysis that has now become entrenched in modern biblical research. Robert Alter argues that the Bible is a largely cohesive literary text to be read with a literary purpose. In this essay it is asked if assumptions about texts predicated on the study of modern literature can be profitablyRead MoreBehind The Formaldehyde Curtain And The Fear Of Dying By Elisabeth Kubler Ross869 Words   |  4 Pageshas held an important position in every human culture since time immemorial. Of course, this position has is different from culture to culture, and shifts over time. This is particularly evident in western culture. The shift is discussed at length in two essays: â€Å"Behind the Formal dehyde Curtain† by Jessica Mitford, and ‘The Fear of Dying’ by Elisabeth Kà ¼bler-Ross. Both explore different aspects of these themes – Mitford’s essay being deconstruction of a the uniquely North American process of embalmingRead More The Cultural Conflict of Hugh Selwyn Mauberley Essay1180 Words   |  5 Pagesexplained. Next, the focus is on the contrast between the elitist and popular culture. Finally, to highlight Pounds attitude, I prefer to make comparison with other literary masterpieces, Odyssey, which have similar poetic style, or theme, but share different sense.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In Hugh Selwyn Mauberley, the poem itself is a mosaic, which is a composition of many images, and these images are derived from words. Generally, in any forms of literary work, authors compose texts with words,Read MoreThe North And South Fought The Civil War811 Words   |  4 Pages Suppose you are taking a course on 19th-century America, and the instructor hands out the following essay assignment: Compare and contrast the reasons why the North and South fought the Civil War. You turn on the computer and type out the following: The North and South fought the Civil War for many reasons, some of which were the same and some different. This weak thesis restates the question without providing any additional information. You will expand on this new informationRead MoreThe Great Gatsby And Harlem By Langston Hughes1089 Words   |  5 Pagespublished novels, poems, and other works of literature to show their readers what it would be like to experience this time frame. Some examples of these works include The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald and â€Å"Harlem† by Langston Hughes. Both of these pieces of literature include literary elements to appeal to the reader’s senses and imagination. A prevalent theme that has been found in works of the roaring 20’s is the wealth that someone may or may not achieve. Literary elements such as figurative language

National Intelligence Reform And Terrorism Prevention Act...

Homeland Security is the intersection of evolving threats and hazards with traditional government and its responsibilities for civil defense emergency response law enforcement, customs border control and immigration. Moreover, the term â€Å"enterprise† is a national effort that refers to the collective efforts and shared responsibilities of federal, state local, tribal, territorial, nongovernmental and private-sector partners as well as individuals ( U.S. Department of Homland Security, 2010). Since the creation of the Department of Homeland Security, the concept of National Intelligence was arranged by the Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004. As that was formulated, the IC community was known to be more coordinated and effective. The Act also made it possible for the integration of domestic and foreign dimensions of us intelligence to eliminate gaps and understanding national security threats. Also, this brought about the mission of the Department of Hom eland Security and future capabilities of the department (Noftsinger, 2007). In any organization it is imperative that higher management assess progress from the start of a program to the current state and what can happen in the future. Many Americans can recall that Department of Homeland Security is one of the most significant changes in the federal government. It can be compared to the creation of the Department of Defense after the Second World War. The beginning of Homeland Security was a challenge dueShow MoreRelatedIntelligence Reform And Terrorism Case Study1085 Words   |  5 PagesThe Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004 is a 235-page Act of Congress, signed by the president affecting the United States laws of federal terrorism. The titles and subject issues were composed to better enforce the procedures for any future terrorist’s attacks. The Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act established the Director of National Intelligence, the National Counterterrorism Center, and the Privacy and Civil Liberties Oversight Board. This act also statesRead MoreIntelligence Reform And Terrorism Case Study1002 Words   |  5 PagesAbstract The Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004 is a 235-page Act of Congress, signed by the president affecting the United States laws of federal terrorism. The titles and subject issues were composed to better enforce the procedures for any future terrorist’s attacks. The Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act established the Director of National Intelligence, the National Counterterrorism Center, and the Privacy and Civil Liberties Oversight Board. This act also statesRead MoreEssay about Securing Our Country: The Department of Homeland Security1532 Words   |  7 Pages1.) The major laws and regulations that direct the operations of the Department of Homeland Security are as follows; the Homeland Security Act of 2002, Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004, and the Implementing Recommendations of the 9/11 Commission Act of 2007. The Homeland Security Act of 2002 was introduced after the September 11, 2001 attacks and mailing of anthrax. It was signed into law by then President George W. Bush in November 2002. It created both the United StatesRead MoreThe Patriot Act Impact On America1428 Words   |  6 Pagesset of many Americans. Terrorism on the rise around the world made government officials to take proper precautions and changes in protocol. Our nation attempted to prepare for the worse scenarios. Events of 9/11 shocked most citizens and government officials. In response President Bush signed the Patriot Act, however since provisions expired later President Obama had to reactivate the Patriot Act. Most citizens were unaware of reaction from our government. The Patriot Act impacted of America,Read MoreThe Intelligence And Terrorism Prevention Act Of 2004716 Words   |  3 Pagesthe Central Intelligence Agency (C.I.A) with the signing of the National Security Act. When this act was created it als o created a head of the Central Intelligence Agency. This role was know as the Director of Central Intelligence (D.C.I.). Later, the Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004 provided a Director of National Intelligence who took on some of the roles done by the D.C.I. The Director of the C.I.A. reports to the Director of National Intelligence and acts as the headRead MoreDefense Against Terrorism1661 Words   |  7 Pagesat the forefront of American public policy. According to a January 2015 Pew Research poll, seventy-five percent of Americans believe that protecting the Homeland against terrorism should be the number one priority for policy makers (Pew Research Center 2015). These sentiments on homeland security are not novel to Americans. National Security has been of great concern to Americans since World War I (Reid 2015). The government s actions in the last few decades have been reflective of this growing concernRead MoreThe United States Code ( U.s. )1677 Words   |  7 PagesUS National Security and foreign relations are based on the three titles in the U.S.C, namely, Title 10, Title 22, and Title 50; which â€Å"govern US Armed Forces, the Department of State, public diplomacy efforts, and national defense† (American Security Pro ject, 2012). However, the National Security Act of 1947 was the first U.S. law on the conduct of intelligence operations. The act established the Central Intelligence Agency â€Å"to collect, analyze, evaluate, and disseminate foreign intelligence toRead MorePost 9/11 Intelligence Reform Impact and the Way Ahead3057 Words   |  13 Pages9/11 Intelligence Reform Impact and the Way Ahead Daniel Ratner INTL 444 Professor Mead October 8, 2012 Introduction After 9/11, an event so shocking, and humiliating to both the American people, and the U.S. Government, vast reforms were identified to ensure that an attack of this magnitude never happened again. From the ashes of this despicable act came two major pieces of Intelligence reform. These documents were the 9/11 Commission Report and The Intelligence Reform Act andRead MoreNational Security And Homeland Security1788 Words   |  8 PagesIntelligence deals with the process in which specific types of information has been collected, analyzed, refined and provided to the policy makers, so that it will be useful to them in decisions making about potential threats to national security and homeland security (Lowenthal, 2014, p. 10). U.S Government has been benefiting from Intelligence information since the beginning of the country, despite the fact that many people thought that U.S intelligence emanated as a result of cold war (FederationRead MoreU.s. Intelligence Community ( Ic )998 Words   |  4 Pagesbeginning of a new era in the U.S. intelligence community (IC). The terrorist act highlighted weaknesses in the IC including inefficient information-sharing mechanisms and gaps in domestic terrorism (Burch, 2008). As a result, the pattern of security in the U.S. shifted from focusing on hostile nations to adversary groups resulting in a change of approach to counterterrorism efforts (Lowenthal, 2003). 9/11 had, in short, prompted the largest reorganization of the intelligence community since 1947 (Burch

The Rise of Social Media Free Essays

â€Å"Man is a social animal†, goes the popular adage. Interaction with fellow beings is a vital part of being human. Community makes us feel complete through exchange of ideas and knowledge. We will write a custom essay sample on The Rise of Social Media or any similar topic only for you Order Now It is therefore not surprising that we constantly try to find better and faster means of communication and information sharing. Our relentless efforts in these areas have led to a phenomenon whose far reaching impacts make it nothing short of a global revolution. That phenomenon is the rise of Social Media. If the internet gave birth to a revolution in the way we stored and sought information, then social media has brought about a revolution in the way we exchange and use information. â€Å"Social Media† is a term that is relatively young of age. It’s definition on â€Å"Wikipedia†, which ironically is also one of its most glorious examples, reads – â€Å"media designed to be disseminated through social interaction, created using highly accessible and scalable publishing techniques†. Examples of social media include weblogs, social networking sites such as Facebook and My Space, information sharing platforms such as Wikipedia or Twitter, and media sharing platforms such as YouTube. Before the explosion of social media, dissemination of information on a large scale was majorly restricted to â€Å"mass media† such as internet websites, newspapers, television and radio. Broadcasting information using these channels required at least some level of technical or professional expertise. Over the past few years however, development of web technologies that simplify mass collaboration has revolutionised the way content is produced and shared. Now anyone with a computer (or a mobile phone) and internet access has the ability to almost effortlessly share information across the globe and make their views heard, right from their homes, without the need to have significant resources or technical skills at their disposal. The rise of social media has had a tremendous influence on the way I and billions around the world think, communicate, learn and behave as we take on different roles during a normal day. Some of those roles being â€Å"the social animal† , â€Å"the global citizen†, â€Å"the consumer†, â€Å"the student†, â€Å"the activist†, â€Å"the professional† and â€Å"the common man†. Me the social animal Looking back though, a lot of the social media platforms didn’t exactly start off doing what they do today. Sites such as Facebook or MySpace started off with a simple objective of allowing people to keep in touch with near and dear ones. My first experience with such a medium was through a networking site called â€Å"Hi5†, as a means to keep in touch with friends. Twitter started off as a simple web equivalent of text messaging. In those nascent stages these platforms allowed people to socialise and to be entertained, hence serving the social animal in all of us. However, radical changes in these mediums over the last few years have forever changed my perception of their usage and potential. Me, the global citizen Perhaps the most significant change these platforms have enabled is to level the playing field. No longer do I need to be a media celebrity or a seasoned journalist to make my views heard. Mediums such as blogs and twitter give everyone a chance to stand up and be counted. What this has done is to make the world of information sharing truly democratic. The impact of this development has made those in high up places acknowledge the power these mediums hold. When US president Barack Obama was inaugurated into presidency in January 2009, CNN and the Whitehouse collaborated on Facebook to stream the broadcast to a worldwide audience. I remember getting the Goosebumps while watching the stream that generated 600,000 messages. All those messages flashing endlessly on my screen brought about the feeling that I was a part of a global debate. The Obama administration extensively used twitter to reach out to people all around the world. What this has done is to change my perception of how election campaigns or political debates can be carried out. Over time I feel more and more leaders worldwide will need to embrace such mediums if they really wish to have a global outreach. Me the activist Social media has also changed the way we can promote social causes. A great example of this is of â€Å"Earthour. org† in 2009, when Facebook and YouTube were extensively used to co-ordinate a worldwide movement that encouraged people to turn off their electrical appliances for one hour to promote awareness about climate change. This remarkable concept managed to mobilize people from more than 4000 cities all around the world. The event which enabled people in any part of the world to come together and be a part of a global cause has radically changed my view of how global movements can be initiated. All one has to do is to choose a cause and they will have multiple mediums at their disposal to spread the message. Me the consumer In the commercial space, Social media marketing has grown leaps and bounds. Dell attributed $6. 5 million worth of sales to twitter in 2009. What has made corporations adopt such mediums so readily is the opportunity to reach directly to me, their consumer. What’s significant is that now instead of being a spectator; I can also provide my feedback, suggestions or grievances about a product directly to the people that make it, instantly. Not only does this empower me as a consumer, it also provides corporations a very effective medium of targeting the right demographic and audience, optimising their production and efficiency in the process. Me the student Since its very inception, Social Media has held tremendous potential in knowledge sharing. As the world gets smaller and smaller, more and more students look to study in universities across the globe. This makes it critical that the institution reaches out to me, the student; to provide the right information at the right time. Going beyond the normal website, phone and email, more and more institutions are establishing an online presence on sites such as Facebook that allow them to reach out to a highly active and driven audience. Taking Oxford itself as an example, Said Business School’s Facebook page allows potential students to directly interact with representatives from the institution and also see what other students have already discussed. Not only does this simplify communication, it also reduces overheads of redundant emails or phone calls. Social media also provides a global platform for talented individuals to share their skills and knowledge. A great example of this is YouTube. I had always had a keen interest in learning to play the guitar. However, a hectic work schedule and high costs of a private teacher meant that private schedule bound lessons were not a viable option. Instead, I started using the numerous video lessons available on YouTube put up by talented musicians with a view to sharing passions. This is nothing short of a learning revolution as it gives anyone the chance to take lessons on anything from cooking to advanced maths free of cost, at a time and place that suits them the best, with option to play and pause as much as they like. Me the Professional Professionally, social media has had a tremendous impact on the way I work. A few years back when Wikipedia came up, I and a few colleagues were hugely impressed with how it took collaboration to a whole new level. Inspired by the concept, we started experimenting with our own internal Wiki-based organisation wide information sharing platform that would promote collaboration between employees across different teams. Upon its completion, it provided an easy to use medium for our associates to share, discuss and collaborate on topics ranging from technical concepts to HR processes to ideas for the next cultural event. Social media avenues such as blogs are also changing the way that managements communicate with their employees. In a lot of organisations including mine, more and more managers have started maintaining blogs where they share their views on a variety of professional and non-professional topics. I feel it’s a fantastic way of really reaching out to your employees. It is more effective and personal than the general â€Å"CEO’s message† emails that otherwise get churned out. By getting instant feedback on their blogs from enthusiastic employees, leaders can quickly feel the pulse of the organisation and use that knowledge to make better decisions. Me the common man If there is one aspect of social media that has influenced me the most in recent times, then it has to be its effectiveness in ensuring a lightning fast flow of information in times of national calamities, unfortunate incidents such as terror attacks or political unrest. Recently, platforms such as twitter have been critical in ensuring an immediate spread of information across the globe. When the unfortunate terror attacks took place in Mumbai in November 2008, frantic phone calls from anxious friends and family members to the city from had started saturating the cell phone networks, unable to reach my friends, I was reassured of their safety through their twitter updates. At the time, even news agencies were following twitter updates from citizens to get a view of the ground level reality. Over time, we have seen such micro-blogging mediums play an ever increasing role as reliable mediums of breaking news. This development has revolutionised my perception of journalism. In essence, it allows the common man to become a reporter and provide his own perception of the latest breaking news to entire world. Two sides to a coin My Strong beliefs on the significance of social media however do not imply that I do not acknowledge the shortcomings of the social media revolution. There are two sides to a coin. Some of the factors that make social media great also lead to some of its shortcomings. The widespread and free availability of social media often lead to an overload of content. Such high volumes mean that finding relevant and useful content often becomes a challenge. I believe that there need to be more efficient filtering mechanisms developed to enable faster sourcing of content that’s relevant. The anonymity that the internet provides to everyone makes social media platforms vulnerable to misuse. Examples of dubious elements harming naive web users are widespread. There is a need to promote a more educated use of such mediums and to establish more stringent controls to help counter such misdoings. Social media has often also been criticised for the work/life balance that it tends to disrupt or the productivity concerns it raises when people use social networking sites at work. Spending too much time online cuts one off from real life and defeats the very objective of collaboration. I feel this is more down to the individual, and as is true of everything in life, a balance needs to be maintained. Tip of the Iceberg To conclude, I feel what I’ve seen so far is only beginning and social media is only going to keep bringing about radical changes to what I perceive to be the definitive ways of information sharing and communication. Social media has proven itself to be a very powerful tool of empowering the individual to become a part of a global community. My beliefs in the potential of social media have only strengthened over time and I feel that the constant developments in this field will ensure that the way we communicate, educate, collaborate and trade will never be the same again. How to cite The Rise of Social Media, Papers

Educational Leadership In Learning Environment †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Educational Leadership In Learning Environment. Answer: Introduction Education leadership in learning environment refers to the process of enlisting as well as guiding the talent along with energies of teachers, learners, together with parents and guardians toward attaining shared educational objectives. In present times, the theory and practices that relate to educational leadership have undergone the significant changes. The demands of educational leadership have remained to be evolving. For an individual to face such challenges brought about by the evolving world as well as the creation of the transformative changes in education, it is vital for them to know the task of educational leadership (Bush, 2014). The purpose of the topic of the educational leadership is essential as it presents the best opportunity to conduct the survey and report on the models and importance of education learning to education stakeholders. The hidden purpose of educational leadership as the topic of the study is to show the reason why the society needs to have the approp riate structure of educational leadership to help in supporting the operations of the learning center that can then leading to improvement of student and teachers performances. The educational leadership focuses on the leadership within the learning center right from the early years of childrens center all the way to university level. The focus on these learning institutions is essential because educational leadership affects their operations. The educational leadership helps in addressing economic productivity and development of stakeholders of every individual within the learning centers. All these purposes are enactable in learning sector by showing how the Educational leadership must involve the collaboration of different personnel in attaining the set objectives and goals of a given learning institution towards the advancement of their stakeholders like the teachers, students, and committee members. The collaboration of educational learning stands for improving educational methods and results of every operation within the schools. From Kindergarten to senior learning institutions, managers in the organization comprise of tutors, principals, managers, and chairpersons of departments. Therefore, the primary objective of this investigative article is to focus on the isssue of education learning as an educational organization by focusing on some of the hidden purpose of the organization. Literature review on Educational Leadership and its hidden purpose According to Seger Bergsten (2013),educational management came into prevalence in the days of the twentieth century for various motives. There exist some of the demands created by institutions for higher points of attainment among students along with many people expected to learn institutions to advance and restructure their operations. Such prospects from the communities and education stakeholders were accompaniable by the calls for accountability at learning levels. Besides, a formation of educational leadership has made the maintenance of status quo to receive little acceptance. The concept of educational leadership is favorable in learning institutions because it conveys dynamism as well as proactivity (Baker, 2016). In most cases, school heads or principals is regularly thought to be the school leader, but educational leadership may comprise of other individuals like the members of the formal leadership team as well as other people that contribute towards the objectives of a le arning institution. Hidden purpose of education leadership in learning sector The hidden purpose in any educational leadership is to improve the management and operations of learning centers. Besides, through this hidden purpose of leadership, schools have been able to undergo various changes. In recent times, learning leadership has become familiar as substitutes for learning administration.Educational management arguably shows just the limited image of functions of learning centers, ministerial or state education agency.Learning management focuses on interdisciplinary writing work, but it preferably differentiates itself during the spotlight on pedagogy, epistemology, together with human advancement (Riley Ward, 2017). However, in modern science studies, educational leadership borrows its ideas from political science as well as business. Several theories and perspective that most scholars have presented and explore consists of instructional leadership, social justice, distributes, and teacher leadership among other theories. Educational leadership has a hid den purpose that allows education stakeholders to explore how various actions together with practices can influence the achievement of students, job satisfaction among teachers, or exploration of other issues or element that relates to the improvement of the school. Educational leadership has presented the best platform for the scholars to investigate the best methodology along with the quality of the primary preparation plans (Berkvens, 2017). Moreover, various nations around the world have explicit policies that relate to educational leadership. Some of the policies consist of budget and plans for the training as well as the development of leaders of learning institutions like Kindergarten, primary, high schools, colleges, and Universities. Many scholars have suggested that the basic practices that make educational leadership efficient to include the need of setting directions. The ideas of setting trends within the educational leadership account for the largest portions that influences of operations of leaders in learning institutions. The set of practices focuses on helping colleagues in learning sector to create common understanding concerning the association, its actions, and its objectives (Malakolunthu et al., 2014). The goals of the schools can undergird the sense of the function of vision as set by the educational leaders. The approach that focuses on the formation of directions by educational leadership aid in motivating people by an emphasis on the goals that they find personally compelling and challenging out achievable ideas. Consequently, having such objectives assist education stakeholders like teachers and learners to make sense of their work. These directions also enable the stakeholders to find the feel ing of identity for themselves within their working contexts (Jenkins, 2012). Therefore, activities of setting trends in learning sector by educational leadership often help in identifying specific leadership practices that include identification and articulation of the schools vision, fostering the acceptance of goals of groups. It also aids in the creation of high-performance expectations among the teachers and learners. The set directions are efficient in monitoring performance of the organization as well as the promotion of effective interaction all through the institution that aid in the growth of the common purpose of the learning groups. Improving and developing changes in learning sector Educational leaderships have the major hidden function of improving and developing changes in learning sectors. Besides, educational leadership has the mandate of analyzing students data and observing classes to pinpoint any potential issue along with areas that need improvements. The leadership also has the responsibilities of building effective teams and committees that can help in improving and changing structures of organizations. Besides, educational leadership is responsible for the creation and updating budgets of a given learning institution (Raffo, 2013). The proper budgeting as set by the leaders helps in ensuring that the operations of the schools do not decline. The correct update of the budget also supports the schools in improving the provision of their services in the spirited learning sector. In most cases, educational leadership is responsible for hiring, evaluating, and assessing policies and procedures of education in schools and creating improvements that are nece ssary to ensure that the committee meets the expectations of the national education body. Therefore, the formation of educational leadership aid in the process of setting curriculum standards for different schools that they can follow efficiently to improve the performance of students (Black, 2014). The leaders within education sector work with the motive of reforming education process both on local people, those in national or state levels. It is necessary for every school to have a committee of educational leadership to assist its operations in ensuring that it remains competitive and improving the performance of learners, subordinate staffs, as well as those of teachers. To accomplish the above responsibilities of educational leadership, it is always imperative to work as well as have adequate channel communication with other like teachers, subordinate staffs, and students, along with their facilities. The performance of school mainly depends on the proper formation of educational leadership and its activeness in ensuring that they attain every set objective of the school (Vuori, 2017). The benefits of the schools through the collaborative educational leadership include sharing of findings, concerns, and failures that stakeholders might find within their operation. Therefore, efficient creation of educational leadership remains to the stakeholders. It is also essential for every party within the school to acknowledge and support the functions along with contributions of every education stakeholde (Brungard et al., 2011). Besides, a real leader in the education system will be capable of creating the active learning environment where the chances for en couraging alterations are available and receives support all over the operation of the association. Besides, active learning leadership creates the variation in developing the process of learning. Setting directives for stakeholders in learning sector Premium educational leadership achieves its function by setting directions and through developing of people. The setting, of course, involves the charting of a clear course that every party in learning sector understands. Educational leadership also establishes high expectation standards and applying data to track performance and process (Carr et al., 2015). Educational leadership equips people such as teachers and other learners within the education scheme with an essential sustainability and education to do well. Moreover, educational leadership has the objective of creating the schoolwork by guaranteeing that the complete choice of settings together with incentives for schools to receive support instead of inhibiting teaching and learning process. Improving learning and teaching processes All current reforms effects of education institutions focus on improving learning and teaching processes. However, there exist vast differences in how leaders go about the changes. In most cases, some reforms try to develop every learning institution within the country at a given time. Other changes seek to influence the overall process to learn and teaching within the learning centers, but only does so one center of learning at a time (Timpau, 2015). Besides, other educational leadership focuses on the inventive program like the mathematics together with science. Classically educational leadership addresses a section of the school agenda along with objective for general implementation, while creative processes to training like supportive education aiming to alter performances of tutors at a given period (Guthtries Thompson, 2011). Therefore, educationalmanagement can form the highly important function in enhancing learning process among students. In cooperation sectors such as different schools, there exists a convincing proof of the shared center of rehearsals that any thriving managers call on as required. The model that concerns with the formation of educational leadership focuses on some necessary activities to improve their operations (Gumbus Bellibas, 2016). These practices are term by many people to be the essentials flourishing educational management. Often are such exercises efficient for influential planning to expand the process of learning among students within different schools significantly. However, exclusive of the necessary activities within the educational leadership, not much would happen in learning sectors (Reynolds, 2011). Different basics that form the essential core of successful educational leadership practices include the ideas of setting directions, developing individuals, as well as redesigning the operations of an organization. Inspiring management of learning institutions In most cases, the input of schools most definitely relies on the inspirations along with capabilities of tutors and managers that collaborate as well as individually. Through educational leadership, learning institutions can develop extrinsic financial incentives that aim at achieving school performance targets under different conditions. Educational leadership aids in establishing schools to be effective organizations that sustain as well as support the performance of teachers, administrators, along with learners (Luckcock, 2011). Educational leadership leads to specific practices that typically associated with sets of basics that comprise of strengthening the culture of schools, modifying the structure of organizations, and developing collaborative process (Hughes Panzo, 2015). Such practices help in assuming that the function behind the redesign of the culture of the organization along with arrangements is to ease the duty of member so that learning sector and the flexibility of structure need to contest the shifting character of improvement agents of learning institutions. Improve effectiveness of learning processes At every doctoral level, an individual has the option when it approaches their training for management functions in the learning sector. The kind of the choice of educational leadership by a person or an institution depends on their interests as well as career objectives. Besides, the doctor of the education process in educational management is tackling particularly towards educational experts (Klein-Collins Werthelm, 2013). In learning institutions that focus on educational leadership, learners concentrate exclusively on management in the perspective of education and study besides other experts within the education sector that have similar backgrounds along with perspectives. Moreover, a physician of learning in interdisciplinary management concentrates on edging for practitioners in every organization such as learning sector (Timpau, 2015).The interdisciplinary educational leadership allows the classmates to have a broad range of experience and backgrounds. The experience makes th e learners have different prospects on contests as well as possible strategies for dealing with such problems and eventually create the richer skill of learning. Improving learning outcome among learners Several steps are involved in enacting the issues that arises from education leadeership. For instance, educational leadership leads to applications of different approaches to improving the learning process in schools. However, improvement in outcome of a learner depends on their achievement of the incentives as well as competencies of confined educational management (Rapp, 2011). According to report by Zhang (2014), any form of development by educational leadership improves the functions of learning of students unless school management team agrees with its purposes as well as appreciate what is essential in making it work. Local authorities, for instance, are always able to assist their counterparts in understanding how the externally initiated reforms might undergo the process of integration into the efforts of local improvements. Educational leadership also offers the vital chains for the students whose performances might shift and have to win the collaboration together with the s ustainability of parents along with other people in the local society. Therefore, effective educational leadership is critical to the development of capacities of students to progress and operations of schools reforms. The stakeholders have to know how the educational leadership seems to and appreciate the immense deal concerning how it operates. Identifying and maintaining the values of learning sector The greater priority that result from the enaction of education leadership remains to be ability to motive art that influence and direct people so that they work as a team to achieve the objectives of learning sector or broader organizations. Therefore, educational leadership provides the chance to get to display and identify effective communication and interpersonal skills. Educational leadership begins with identifying and understanding the values of the organization (Mariana, 2016). Active collaboration of educational leadership in education encompasses team culture, discipline, communication, resolving conflict, and leadership styles. Other frameworks of educational leadership include leadership in action, understanding, and managing change, solving the problem, and making decisions concerning the operations of the learning sector. Improving ability of managing learning institutions Educational leadership becomes the second essential issue in learning only to the instruction of classroom amid every factor that relates to school and adds to what learners study in every learning center. However, evidence concerning effects of educational leadership on learning of students can be puzzling to deduce, much of the available surveys underestimate its influences (Havey McCrohan, 2017). The straight, as well as implicit things of educational management on the process of student education in schools, relates concerning the whole quarter influences of schools. The proof of properties of educational leadership in the education of a student presents the widespread in improving leadership to be fundamental to the winning execution of the main educational reforms. Additionally, properties of educational leadership are somewhere along with when they are required most. For instance, at the time when people imagine of educational leadership in official managerial functions well the better the contest, the better the influence of their measures on education among students. Bush (2014) reports that there are small but significant effects of the leadership of educational leadership activities on the education of students across the band of learning institutions, the present study also demonstrates that confirmed results of thriving educational management are significantly better in learning institutions in desperate conditions (Salehzaheh, 2017). Certainly, it is believable that there is no virtual documentation instance of troubled learning centers being turn around without intervention through the dominant form of educational leadership. Several other issues may add to such spin, although educational management is just a means in the process of learning. Therefore, it is always essential to improve educational leadership among the less performing learning institutions as the section of their development hard work, or it can form the part of school reconstit ution. Developing people Collection of evidence in schools and non-school organizations concerning the contributions of different practices to effects of leaders is always substantial. Clear as well as compelling directions of a body contribute significantly to work-related motivations among members. However, educational leadership is not conditionable to focus on improving motivations of people in ensuring that every party can improve its performance (Zhang, 2014). More sets of practices of leadership positively and largely influence the direct experiences of stakeholders in schools. For instance, educational leadership offers rational inspiration by providing individualized sustainability along with suitable representations of ideal exercise and attitudes to be vital towards operations of learning institutions. Continuing educational leadership and their actions are shifting from the margin of higher learning sectors to the foundation, although there is the need of skilled ongoing education experts who are always set to walk into the ever-increasing essential functions of leadership. Several public and private higher learning centers face long-term budget challenges (Luckcock, 2011). However, educational leadership has made institutional leaders look at their ongoing learning institutions along with sections to develop different plans as well as actions that aim at increasing the access, assist learners in accelerating their moment to earn the mark and improve streams of revenue all through creative strategies. Educational leadership has made institutions leaders be able to recognize the versatility of progressive education of their leaders to focus on supporting and advancing institutional objectives in the variety of new along with parallel functions. Therefore, continuing education of le aders is assuming the responsibility for essential sections like the international programs together with advancement and increasingly essential duties within offices of academic affairs (Riley Ward, 2017). Educational leadership has led to the development of skills vital to successful ongoing education management that are equally attractive in some sections of the institution of higher learning. Conclusion The purpose of educational leadership has remained as an essential factor in education because learning institutions currenty operates in complex environments. From this discussion, it is necessary for the educators to develop the skills of leadership to assist them in directing organizational change, craft cooperative agreements with different stakeholders within learning sector and navigate challenges at the school, state, local, and federal levels. The idea of mastering of educational leadership helps education professionals to develop different skills that are essential, to forge networks across institutions together with political boundaries.from the above discussion. It is evident that educational leadership prepares educators together with administrators to become leaders through the combination of relevant coursework along with experiences of work. The typically different program covered in this context consists of theories and ethics of leadership, administration, planning, and allocation of resources, along with school-related issues that build effective educational, cultural competency as well as deepening content knowledge of people. Through educational leadership, tutors, learners, and school administrators can find the wealth of opportunities to extend their influence beyond their classroom settings and schools to their teaching teams, states, districts, schools, and national levels. The ultimate stand is that the concept of educational leadership is equivalent to ensure the effectiveness in learning sector and to manage the change and structure of the organization. References Baker, K. (2016). Women in Educational Leadership Conference Hosts 30th Annual Conference. Women In Higher Education, 25(12), 1-1. https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/whe.20378 Berkvens, J. (2017). The Importance of Understanding Culture When Improving Education: Learning from Cambodia. International Education Studies, 10(9), 161. https://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ies.v10n9p161 Black, D. (2014). Confucius on Educational Failure: Three Types ofMisguided Students. Educational Theory, 64(2), 143-161. https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/edth.12054 Brungardt, C. (2011). The Intersection Between Soft Skill Development and Leadership Education. Journal Of Leadership Education, 10(1), 1-22. https://dx.doi.org/10.12806/v10/i1/rf1 Bush, T. (2014). Educational leadership and leadership development in Africa. 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Continuous Improvement as a Business Strategy The case study focuses on Corus, Europes second largest steel manufacturing company and their efforts in following the path of Continuous Improvement to produce quality product in a timely manner by streamlining their processes and reducing the wastage of resources. Corus is a subsidiary of Tata Steel, one of worlds top ten steelmakers. In their own words, Corus aspires to be the worlds steel industry benchmark for value creation and corporate citizenship. Corus is a leading supplier to most of the demanding markets around the world including construction, automotives, packaging, mechanical and electrical engineering, metal goods, and oil gas. With innovation and continuous improvement at the heart of its business performance, Corus aims to create value by offering a differentiated product range supported by unrivalled customer service. 1 The challenge that Corus faces in differentiating its products from that of its rivals is that, steel is a relatively inexpensive product and in major building projects, the cost of steel can be as little as 5% of the overall cost of the project. It is also a challenging task to meet the rising demand for steel, at increasing levels of quality and to comply with challenging delivery requirements. While it would be an easy task to meet these challenges using brand-new facilities, an investment of more than 300 million Pounds to build a ‘Greenfield Site steel mill is an impediment. Therefore, Corus decided to focus on the path of Continuous Improvement, commonly known as CI, at its steel plate manufacturing mill in Scunthorpe, to achieve process efficiency, quality and delivery improvements with its existing manufacturing setup. What is Continuous Improvement? Continuous improvement, with respect to organizational quality and performance, focuses on improving customer satisfaction through continuous and incremental improvement processes, removing or minimizing unnecessary activities and delays in product delivery and also minimizing defects in the products being delivered. Several organizations have gained a competitive edge by implementing Kaizen, commonly known as continuous improvement (CI). The philosophy of Kaizen was spearheaded by Masaaki Imai, and is constituted of two words, kai which means ‘change and zen which means ‘good as well as ‘wisdom. Hence we can conclude that Kaizen implies ‘changes for the better and covers all processes in an organization like Engineering, Information Technology, Finance, Procurement and Supply, Customer Service and Manufacturing. CI can be initiated either at Top Management level or at Process level based on effective feedback system. The most important factor is that, all employees should be responsible to make improvements and must work together to identify the steps needed to improve the efficiency of the overall process, in an iterative manner. This requires thorough supervision, flexible work force and technology to improve business efficiency. When an established organization like Corus attempts to differentiate its products or services from its competitors in the industry, CI can be the â€Å"Differentiation† or â€Å"Focus† competitive strategies which can help the organization grow. Corus has implemented CI of ‘flow where the products are pulled through a carefully planned production process from the supply of raw steel to the finished steel plate. The process is paced and scheduled to control the amount of product in each stage of the process, to keep bottlenecks to a minimum and to maintain high quality. A part of the CI process involves the measurement of improvements to gauge, whether the improvements have resulted in benefits. These results can be reducing waste time, saving money and efforts, or better utilization of available resources. These are the tangible benefits of the implementation of a CI process. The intangible benefits will include greater staff motivation and increased job satisfaction3. In Corus, improvement is gauged with the help of a set of new Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) focused on meeting customer deadlines, such as zero backlog of customer orders and meeting targets for rolling steel plate in its allotted week. Thus benchmark level can be set and attempts can be made to better that level in an iterative manner. When Why CI need to be implemented? It is human nature to feel secure in ones comfortable environment of a â€Å"CASH COW† organization and therefore people are hesitant towards big changes. Some of the most common excuses that people give to avoid changes at workplace are: 1) Its been done in this way for a long time2) We know theres a better way but theres not enough time to fix things3) I dont get paid extra to think4) Its not my problem but someone elses problem However, a key aspect of implementing CI is the fact that it does not deal with big changes, but with smaller ones that take less time to implement at minimal cost. Also, an interesting aspect would be that it gradually transforms and brings about what one can call a big change without people being hesitant and overcoming their apprehensions. The objective is to minimize cost by leveraging the existing knowledge pool and gradually implementing changes. The key of effectively implementing CI is that it has to become a part of the organizations culture and gain consensus from the work force and stake holders. Like in the Corus case, moving from Tonnage, the traditional key measure of productivity to the smooth paced process of CI involved a significant work culture change for the employees. Initiation and integration of CI 1. Collect feedback from the horses mouth It is imperative to understand the operations at the ground level from the people who perform the tasks on a regular basis. By asking for ideas and by listening to those that know how the job is currently performed you will achieve a much greater buy-in from your teams 2. Place checks and implement improvement process cycle Not jumping to conclusions is the key here. Put into practice the steps of Plan, Do, Check and Act known as PDCA Model PDCA a simple model for CI implementation Plan the plan phase constitutes of setting objectives and goals that would form the guiding path for the entire process of improvement.Do the Do phase requires the testing of possible alternatives and arriving at a solution that would comply with best practices and industry benchmarksCheck In this phase, the effectiveness of the action phase is evaluated to ascertain the success of the plans and also to see if any negative consequences have arisen.Act The act phase is to implement the tried and tested processes and form the new standards. If the processes are unsuccessful, then the cycle is repeated till the time desirable results are attained. Even after the process has been established, the implementation of CI is not over. The goal of CI is to set newer and more efficient benchmarks. This philosophy has to become a part of the organizations culture. For example, in the Scunthorpe plant of Corus, a CI manager co-ordinates the process and 40 CI coaches chosen from the workforce received training to facilitate improvements. A toolbox of techniques has been put together to help managers, employees and operators understand where and how they can improve their work and come up with new ideas to change processes for better. Scunthorpe plate mill has set out a 5-year vision improvement plan which will help in the process of developing a CI culture for the business and has held workshops for employees to understand the vision and change since it was recognized that people might be resistant and cling to old ways of working. The 5 year-plan, established a timeline for the thorough acceptance and implementation of the CI culture among employees so that by the end of the 5-year period, the team and individuals are empowered to take responsibility and make decisions for themselves. Tradeoffs in implementing Continuous Improvement: Although several companies have benefitted from implementing CI, its quite interesting to see that something this innovative and cost effective could also derail the organization from its path to success or even create a new bottleneck in the entire process. At times CI may lead to a trade-off between self-management and discipline 5. Over engagement and a lack of prioritization in implementing new wave CI manufacturing strategies by front line managers and operations staff has actually led to a tradeoff between their core operations related work and CI related activities. Often, CI strategies led by an over-enthusiastic HR has caused them to over strategize which is a new bottle neck in itself and often goes unnoticed. Thus it is quite important to make sure that less than 7% of the total work time may be spent by such key operational personnel on CI oriented strategy development so that their core operational responsibilities may not be diluted beyond an acceptable limit. Another very interesting drawback that has been noticed is the invert effect of over emphasis on the implementation of CI Practices on the price v/s quality competitive strategy model 6. In her study, Barbara Flynn has very effectively shown that an uninterrupted iteration of CI programs for the reduction of cost price would ultimately result in increasing price since perfection always comes at a premium. Secondly it was also observed that in the quest to achieve the goal of CI within its designated time period, the complex untested assumptions about the relation between process and outcome are often deliberately not studied in depth. Managers prematurely conclude that any detrimental effects of implementing the new plan would be taken care of in subsequent CI programs 7. Thus such complacency could result in mission failure at the nth hour. But still, careful and well planned implementation of CI strategy is effective because it keeps production processes under control, rapidly trains production personnel to effectively manage production and possesses the flexibility to slot improvements into production schedules with minimum disruptions and at least effective cost. 8 Continuous Improvement in action at FORD India (A firsthand account) 9: Cost Reduction activity has become one of the major activities in any industry especially in Automobile field with ever increasing competition. The following is a firsthand account of Continuous Improvement initiate undertaken at Ford India for Cost Reduction. The Front End Module of the car is a plastic molded steel reinforced part, supplied to Ford by a Vendor X. The Input weight of the steel portion in that is 4.0 Kg and its output weight is 1.0 Kg. With 25% yield, Ford saw the scope for cost reduction in the above module. Normally for any steel part, yield of at least 40 to 50% is expected. Hence, the only way to reduce the cost would by reducing the input weight. After several discussions with technical department, Ford decided to optimize the design to reduce the input weight and proposed the modified design to the vendor. Various trials were conducted and accordingly the design was altered without compromising on the quality of the final part. After several iterations, the new design was approved by the quality team. Minor modifications were made to existing tools in order to work with new design. This Continuous Improvement initiative not only reduced cost but also reduced the scrap content and process time. Suggestions for Corus Corus has implemented lean manufacturing method of CI, which has really improved its deliveries and quality but only in an internal manner. Yet another dimension which can be facilitated through external feedback is available in the form of â€Å"WOWing the customer†. What we feel is that, Corus should start to simultaneously work upon gaining better customer feedback to facilitate continued product design improvement. This combined effort will enable them to suggest improvements in the product demanded by the customers which may exceed the customers expectation and will make them feel that they are getting a value for money preposition. Thus this would add to their customer satisfaction, retention and self sustainable associations which would be mutually beneficial. References and Bibliography http://www.corusgroup.com/en/company/about_corus/ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaizen http://www.helium.com/items/558484-what-is-a-continuous-improvement-plan?page=3 http://www.helium.com/items/558484-what-is-a-continuous-improvement-plan?page=2 Continuous improvement: the trade-off between self-management and discipline Author(s):Alan Harrison Journal:Integrated Manufacturing Systems 6, 7, 8- Achieving simultaneous cost and differentiation competitive advantages through continuous Publication: Journal of Managerial Issues by Flynn, Barbara B. 9. From actual work experience of Santhosh Srinivasan

Michael Jordan :: essays research papers

Michael Jordan is the Chicago Bulls superstar who beat Charles Barkley and Akeem Olajuwon for Rookie of the Year Honors in 1985. Perhaps, he is the greatest player to ever play the game....he even has six championship rings to back up his claim, including 3 straight from 1991-1993, and 3 more in 1996-1998. Michael was named the NBA Finals MVP in all of those titles. He's won them all with Scottie Pippen. In 1991, Jordan's Bulls finally overcame the greatest impediment to their team's success, Isiah Thomas' Detroit Pistons, who had regularly eliminated the Bulls from the playoffs. In 1993 he averaged 41.0 ppg in the finals, for a record. This 6-6 superstar guard is a perennial NBA first teamer (10 times from 1987-1993 and 1996 and again as a unanimous selection in 1997 and 1998). He was once again an All-NBA First Team member in 1996 after making his return from baseball. You can always pencil Mike in as the starting guard for the all-star game (13 appearances in 1985 and from 1987-1 993, 1997-1998 and again in 2002). He started for the ninth time in 1997, as the first player EVER to receive more that 2 million votes. In the 1997 Game he became the first player ever to record a triple double in the all-star game with 14 points, 11 rebounds and 11 asssists. Jordan was not named MVP that year (Glen Rice received that honor), but he did win the Game's MVP award in 1988 after scoring 40 points and again in 1996. Jordan was once again elected to start (10th time in 12 appearances) in 1998 after leading the eastern conference in voting. After coming out of retirement, Jordan was elected to start again for the eastern all-stars in 2002. Jordan holds the record for most career scoring titles with eight, including 7 straight, also a record. He scores so many points that it is almost unfair to compare him with other players. On November 6, 1996 Michael scored 50 points for the 36th time in his career! Jordan eclipsed the 25,000 career points total, and he continues to dominate in that statistical category. He was the tenth player to score that many points, accomplishing the feat against San Antonio on November 30, 1996, with his 35th point of the game. On January 4, 2001 Michael Jordan scored his 30,000 career point, becoming the fourth player in NBA history to reach the 30,000 point milestone.